Breast milk contains a perfect balance of nutrients that support a baby’s growth and development. It includes proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals in forms that are easy for infants to digest and absorb.
Protein in breast milk is lower than in animal milk, but it provides all essential amino acids in a balanced ratio. Breast milk protein is mostly whey, which is easier for babies to digest compared to cow’s milk casein, which can form thick curds and cause digestive discomfort. Whey protein also contains antibacterial components that help protect babies from infections.
Lipids (fats) in breast milk are rich in essential unsaturated fatty acids such as linoleic acid. These fats are crucial for brain development, healthy vision, nervous system growth, and strong blood vessels. Breast milk fat also provides about half of the baby’s energy needs.
Carbohydrates in breast milk mainly come from lactose. Some lactose is converted into lactic acid in the intestines, helping improve the absorption of calcium and minerals.
Breast milk also contains important vitamins, especially vitamin A, which helps prevent eye problems. Other vitamins are generally sufficient for the first 6 months if the mother eats well and rests properly. Vitamin D is an exception, as it is mainly produced through sunlight exposure.
Minerals like calcium, iron, and zinc are present in smaller amounts than formula, but they are highly absorbable. This is why exclusively breastfed babies during the first 6 months may have a lower risk of anemia and rickets compared to babies fed with cow’s milk.
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